Top Android Casinos for Real Money: Your Essential Guide
Intro
In the rapidly evolving world of mobile gambling, finding a reliable and enjoyable Android casino for real money isnât just about luck. As more folks turn to their smartphones for gaming, itâs crucial to select a platform that not only entertains but also protects your hard-earned cash. The mobile experience has to delight your senses, whether youâre into spinning the reels of the latest slot machines or bluffing your way in high-stakes poker games. This guide walks you through everything: features that matter, banking options, legal considerations, and how to practice responsible gambling. By diving deep into these facets, youâll be better equipped to maximize your experience and minimize risks.
Strategies for Betting and Poker
Understanding Betting Odds
Betting odds are vital in understanding which way the winds blow for any wager you may make. Odds reflect the books' assessment of how likely an event is to occur and, subsequently, how much you stand to win. There are three main types of odds: fractional, decimal, and moneyline. Each has its own charm, so knowing how to interpret them can put you a leg up in making smarter bets.
- Fractional Odds: Common in the UK, these show your profit relative to your stake. For instance, if the odds are 5/1, you win $5 for every $1 betted, plus your stake back.
- Decimal Odds: Popular in Europe, these represent the total payout rather than profit. A 6.0 means you'll get $6 back for every $1 wagered, which includes your stake.
- Moneyline Odds: Predominantly used in the US, these can be either positive or negative, indicating whether youâre betting on an underdog or a favorite. Positive odds show the profit on a $100 bet, while negative odds indicate how much you need to stake to win $100.
Understanding these odds and how they shift can help you place more informed bets.
Key Poker Hands and Their Value
In the realm of poker, knowing the strength of your hand can mean the difference between victory and defeat. Hereâs a quick rundown of key hands from the strongest to the weakest:
- Royal Flush - The ultimate hand, A, K, Q, J, and 10 all of the same suit.
- Straight Flush - Five consecutive cards of the same suit.
- Four of a Kind - Four cards of the same rank.
- Full House - A combination of three of a kind and a pair.
- Flush - Five cards of the same suit, not in sequence.
- Straight - Five consecutive cards of different suits.
- Three of a Kind - Three cards of the same rank.
- Two Pair - Two pairs of different ranks.
- One Pair - Two cards of the same rank.
- High Card - If no one has a pair or better, the highest card wins.
Being sharp about your handâs value can help you make those tough calls at the table or when facing a bluff.
Responsible Gambling Practices
Setting a Budget and Sticking to It
Gambling should be a fun pastime, not a financial burdensome hobby. Setting a budget is the cornerstone of responsible gambling. Decide how much you can afford to spend without affecting your daily life, then stick to it like glue. Use whatever tool you prefer, be it a simple pen and paper or an app on your phone, just be sure to track your spendings.
Recognizing Signs of Problem Gambling
Awareness is key to enjoying your time in the casino while keeping your sanity intact. Watch for red flags:
- Chasing losses or betting more than you can afford.
- Being more interested in gambling than social connections or hobbies.
- Lying about gambling habits or hiding your betting behavior.
If you find yourself feeling uneasy about your gambling, it might be time for a pause. There are resources available, such as the National Council on Problem Gambling (ncpgambling.org), which provides tools and support for anyone seeking help.
To wrap up, itâs all about understanding the ins and outs of the game and taking charge of your gaming habits, allowing for a richer, safer gambling experience.
"The house always wins, but with knowledge, you can tilt the odds in your favor."
For more information on responsible gambling practices and support available, visit: National Council on Problem Gambling
Understanding Mobile Casinos
The landscape of gambling has shifted dramatically in recent years, with mobile casinos stepping into the limelight. Understanding mobile casinos is pivotal when navigating this digital gaming world. These platforms have made gaming accessible right at oneâs fingertips. Players no longer need to make a special trip to a physical casino; instead, a mobile device opens up the entire casino experience at any time.
Defining Mobile Casinos
Mobile casinos are essentially online casinos designed specifically for access via mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. They are built on advanced technology to ensure a smooth user experience. These casinos typically feature a selection of games, ranging from classic slots to card games, available with just a few taps. Players can download dedicated applications or access casinos directly through mobile browsers.
- Key Characteristics of Mobile Casinos:
- Accessibility: Players can gamble from virtually anywhere, as long as there is an internet connection.
- Variety of Games: Even though mobile versions have limitations compared to their desktop counterparts, many games are optimized for mobile play.
- Instant Play: Users enjoy instant access to games without lengthy downloads in most cases.
Thus, with comfort and convenience at the forefront, mobile casinos cater to the modern gambler's lifestyle.
The Rise of Mobile Gambling
The rise of mobile gambling is nothing short of remarkable. Just a decade ago, the idea of gambling on a phone was mostly met with skepticism. Yet, with the advent of better internet, improved mobile technology, and app development, mobile gambling quickly gained traction.
Several factors contribute to this surge:
- Increased Smartphone Adoption: With billions of smartphones in use worldwide, more individuals are equipped to engage in mobile gambling than ever.
- Innovative Technology: Advancements such as faster processing speeds and enhanced graphics have transformed the gaming experience, making it more enjoyable on smaller screens.
- Changing Demographics: Younger generations appear more inclined to embrace mobile technologies, consequently driving demand for mobile casino games.
"The mobile gambling industry is expected to surpass $150 billion by 2025, as players increasingly favor convenience and instant access over traditional venues."
Key Features of Top Android Casinos
When it comes to enjoying online gambling on your Android device, there are several key features that can make or break your experience. The right combination of elements not only enhances user experience but also ensures safety and satisfaction. Therefore, itâs essential to understand what makes a top-tier Android casino.
User Interface and Navigation
A user-friendly interface is akin to a well-organized toolboxâevery essential tool is at your fingertips without any hassle. Players should find it simple to navigate through games, promotions, and banking options without hitting a roadblock. For instance, icons should be intuitive, and the layout must be logical. If youâve ever been to a site with clunky navigation, you know it can feel like trying to find a needle in a haystack.
In an Android casino, a well-designed mobile interface should prioritize responsiveness. This means that whether youâre on an older or newer device, the app or mobile site should function seamlessly. Focus on quick load times and ease of accessâbecause no one wants to be waiting ages just to get to their favorite slot game.
> "An easy-to-navigate app can be the difference between a fun gaming session and one filled with frustration."
Game Selection and Quality
The variety and quality of games available are crucial when choosing an Android casino. Gamblers donât just want choices; they want high-caliber options at their fingertips. When diving into an online casino, look for a mix of classic games like blackjack and poker alongside modern classics and unique titles. Developers like NetEnt and Microgaming continually push the envelope, bringing rich graphics and immersive gameplay.
Moreover, the frequency of updates matters. A casino that refreshes its game library regularly is likely to keep its players engaged. If the same old games are the only offerings, boredom can settle in faster than a cat on a sunny windowsill.
Bonuses and Promotions
Bonuses and promotions can be the cherry on top of the ice cream sundae of your gambling experience. Theyâre designed to entice players and enhance their overall experience. Look for welcome bonuses that boost your initial deposit or free spins that let you try out new games without risking your own cash.
Itâs also essential to dive into the terms and conditions associated with these offers. Not all bonuses come without strings attached. Wagering requirements, time limits, and eligible games can vary significantly from one casino to another. Ultimately, a generous promotion should feel like a rewarding experienceânot a puzzle to solve.
In summary, understanding these key features is fundamental for any gambler using Android casinos for real money. Each aspect plays its unique role in shaping the user experience and influences your overall satisfaction. By focusing on user interface, game selection, and favorable bonuses, players can make more informed choices, ultimately leading to greater enjoyment in mobile gambling.
Banking Options for Real Money Play
When it comes to engaging in mobile gambling, banking options play a pivotal role. This element can determine whether a player enjoys their experience or faces hurdles that dampen the enjoyment. Choosing the right banking method is not just a matter of convenience; it significantly influences the safety of your funds, the speed with which you can play, and ultimately, your overall satisfaction. Hence, itâs essential to understand what different banking methods offer and what to keep in mind while selecting one.
Depositing Funds Safely
Depositing funds safely is a cornerstone of online gambling. Players must prioritize methods that not only make the process smooth but also ensure that their personal and financial details remain secure. Common available methods include credit cards, bank transfers, and e-wallet solutions like PayPal or Skrill. Each option brings its own set of pros and cons:
- Credit/Debit Cards: These are widely accepted and usually provide instant deposits. However, some banks might flag transactions associated with online gambling, so itâs worth checking with your bank before using this method.
- E-Wallets: Utilizing e-wallets is becoming a popular choice due to the additional layer of security they provide. Transactions are quick, and they often allow for a seamless transfer of funds between your bank and the casino. Popular options include Neteller and ecoPayz.
- Cryptocurrencies: Some players are starting to embrace cryptocurrencies for their deposit methods. Using Bitcoin or Ethereum can often ensure anonymity, along with faster processing times.
Regardless of the deposit method, always look out for casinos that utilize SSL encryption technology. This protects sensitive data, making it virtually impossible for anyone to intercept. Another wise move is to ensure the casinoâs banking section is transparent, detailing applicable fees and limits on the amounts you can deposit and withdraw.
Withdrawal Processes and Timing
The withdrawal process can be a sticking point for many players. After an enjoyable gaming session, the last thing anyone wants is to face delays in accessing the winnings. Thus, understanding the nuances of the withdrawal process holds significance.
One aspect that varies between casinos is the processing time. While some casinos boast faster withdrawal timesâsometimes within hoursâothers might take several days to process payouts. Depending on the method selected for withdrawal:
- E-Wallets: Generally the fastest, with funds appearing almost instantly or within a day.
- Credit/Debit Cards: These usually take about 3 to 5 business days.
- Bank Transfers: This is often the slowest option, potentially taking up to a week or more.
Itâs also essential to consider the minimum and maximum withdrawal limits because many casinos impose restrictions on the amount players can withdraw per transaction.
Additionally, some casinos require players to verify their identity before a withdrawal is processed. This includes submitting identification documents like a driverâs license or a utility bill. It might sound cumbersome, but itâs a practice aimed at preventing fraud and ensuring that the right person is accessing their funds.
The essence of efficient banking options canât be overstated; it revolutionizes the mobile gambling experience, making it smooth and enjoyable.
Legal Considerations for Mobile Gambling
Understanding the legal landscape of mobile gambling is not just an afterthought; it's a vital undertaking for anyone looking to dip their toes into the waters of online betting. The importance of complying with legal norms affects the legitimacy of the platforms players engage with, ensuring both safety and fairness as they enjoy their chosen games. Navigating through licensing regulations and recognizing regional restrictions are crucial to protect your investments and ensure a safe gambling atmosphere.
Licensing and Regulation
When it comes to picking a reliable mobile casino, licensing is at the forefront. Licensing authorities are responsible for overseeing gambling operations, ensuring that only trustworthy and fair games are available. A legitimate license means that the casino operates under strict regulations, including fair gaming practices and adherence to responsible gambling standards.
For instance, regulatory bodies such as the Malta Gaming Authority and the UK Gambling Commission are known for their rigorous standards. Casinos holding a license from these organizations are held to account, offering players an additional layer of assurance about the platform's integrity. Without such licenses, players could find themselves in a bind, dealing with dishonest practices or even worse, losing their hard-earned money without recourse.
It's worth noting that the specific regulations that apply can vary widely from region to region. Players should always check not just the casino's license, but also how that license aligns with the laws of their home country or state.
Understanding Regional Restrictions
Regional restrictions can be a tricky landscape to navigate for mobile gamblers. Different countries have varied laws regarding online gambling, leading to restrictions based on geographical location. This means that while you might be ready to play, the regulations in your region could put a halt on your plans.
Some countries completely ban online gambling, while others issue licenses only to certain operators. Take the United States, for example; the legal status of online gambling can be a patchwork quilt, with states like New Jersey and Pennsylvania embracing regulated online gaming, while others remain in the dark ages when it comes to such freedoms.
Players are advised to familiarize themselves with regional laws to avoid any potential pitfalls. Understanding whether an operator is available legally in your area not only impacts where you can play but also what protections you have against fraud or unfair practices. Enabling location settings on your device may also come into play, as some jurisdictions will restrict access based on your geographical whereabouts.
Always check local gambling laws before registering at any mobile casino to safeguard your gambling experience.
Security Measures in Android Casinos
In the ever-evolving world of mobile gambling, security stands as a cornerstone in the relationship between players and casinos. When it comes to real money play, establishing trust is essential. Without strong security measures in place, players may hesitate to deposit funds or engage fully with a platform. Thus, robust protection technologies and fair gaming practices are vital for any reputable Android casino. In this section, we will explore the crucial components involved in securing player data and ensuring a trustworthy gaming environment.
Data Protection Technologies
Data protection technologies are one of the first lines of defense in the mobile casino industry. Encryption protocols utilize advanced algorithms to protect sensitive data, like personal information and banking details. The implementation of these protocols ensures that data transmitted between players and casinos remains confidential, effectively shielding players from cyber threats.
Key Technologies to Consider:
- SSL Encryption: This is the gold standard for securing online communications. By encrypting the data being sent, SSL prevents unauthorized access, ensuring that any information you provide remains safe from prying eyes.
- Firewalls: Act as barriers against unwanted access to the casino's servers. A properly configured firewall can greatly reduce the risk of breaches.
- Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Implementing 2FA adds an extra layer of security. It forces players to verify their identity through an additional method beyond just a password, making unauthorized access significantly harder.
"With the right data protection technologies in place, players can enjoy a seamless experience while their personal information is kept under wraps."
These technologies not only safeguard financial transactions but also guarantee that players' identities are protected throughout their gaming experience. When evaluating Android casinos, players should always check for visible indicators of these protections before committing to a platform.
Ensuring Fair Gaming
Fair gaming goes hand-in-hand with security measures in mobile casinos. This principle ensures that every player has an equal opportunity to win, maintaining the integrity of the games offered.
Important Aspects of Fair Gaming:
- Random Number Generators (RNG): The heart of fair play in any online casino, RNGs generate outcomes that are unpredictable and random. This technology assures players that all games, whether slots or table games, provide results that are not rigged. Casinos must display certifications confirming their RNGs are regularly tested by independent authorities.
- Game Audits: Reputable casinos undergo regular audits where third-party organizations verify the fairness of their games. These audits often lead to certifications that players can trust.
- Transparent Odds: Players should be provided with clear information on the odds of winning in various games. Transparency reflects the casinoâs commitment to fairness and builds trust within the player community.
The combination of strong security measures and a commitment to fair gaming not only fosters a safe environment for players but also promotes a dependable gaming community. Mobile casinos that prioritize these elements are better positioned to attract and retain players long-term, setting themselves apart in a competitive landscape.
Popular Android Casino Apps Reviewed
In the fast-paced world of mobile gambling, the importance of selecting the right casino app cannot be overstated. Users are faced with an overwhelming number of options, each with its unique offerings, features, and user experiences. The section on popular Android casino apps not only highlights leading platforms but also provides insights into what sets them apart in the crowded market. This guide curates detailed reviews of notable apps, helping players navigate the myriad of choices available and choose the best option for their gaming needs. Here, we focus on elements that enhance player experience, such as user-friendly design, safety, and game selection.
"Not all gambling apps are created equal; some deliver thrilling experiences while others leave players high and dry."
Casino A: Overview and Highlights
Casino A stands out with its intuitive interface and vibrant graphics, making it an alluring choice for players. The app is designed for smooth navigation, allowing users to jump from one game to another seamlessly. One of the most exciting aspects of Casino A is the vast game library, which includes hundreds of slots, table games, and live dealer options. The team behind Casino A is known for frequent updates, ensuring players can enjoy new titles and features frequently. Additionally, the app provides robust support for various payment methods, allowing users to deposit and withdraw funds quickly, meeting the demands of even the most busy gamblers.
Casino B: Overview and Highlights
Casino B caters to a diverse audience, putting a strong emphasis on bonuses and promotional offers. Its unique selling point lies in its daily rewards system, which allows users to earn points after each game session. This can unlock everything from extra spins on popular slots to cashback on losses. The app itself is sleek and responsive, presenting a well-organized gaming library that separates categories effectively. Besides the entertainment, the customer service team is accessible, ensuring that no player feels stranded in the digital gambling ocean. Many users have praised Casino B for regular tournaments, which ignite a competitive edge while enhancing community engagement among players.
Casino C: Overview and Highlights
Casino C has carved out its niche with a focus on live dealer games. It offers an immersive gambling experience that brings the feel of a physical casino right to the playerâs device. The app boasts high-resolution streaming of dealers and tables, creating an engaging atmosphere for users. Casino C also excels in its loyalty program, which rewards frequent players with exclusive benefits, such as personalized promotions and access to beta features. Users appreciate the dedication to player safety, as the platform employs advanced encryption technology to safeguard sensitive data, nurturing a sense of security and trust that is paramount in the online gambling industry.
Strategies for Maximizing Wins
To truly make the most of your gaming experience in Android casinos, understanding the strategies for maximizing wins is paramount. It's not just about playing a game; itâs about playing it smart. When it comes to real money gambling, every decision can tip the scales between loss and profit. Therefore, grasping the concept of house edges and effectively managing your bankroll is essential for any gambler looking to up their game.
Understanding House Edges
The house edge is the mathematical advantage that the casino has over the players. It's a critical concept that every player should grasp. Different games come with varying house edges, influencing your strategies significantly.
- What is House Edge?
In simple terms, the house edge represents the percentage of each bet that the casino retains as profit. For instance, a game with a house edge of 5% means that, on average, the casino keeps $5 for every $100 wagered. - Game Selection Matters
Not all games are created equal. Slots often come with higher house edges when compared to table games like blackjack or baccarat. This discrepancy can drastically affect your overall returns. Opting for games like blackjack not only offers a lower house edge but also gives you more control over the outcome through strategy.
"Knowing the house edge is like having your cake and eating it too, but only if you choose the right slice."
- Strategies to Reduce the House Edge
- Learn Basic Strategy: Especially in card games, there's a basic strategy that can significantly minimize the house edge. Itâs all about the right moves at the right times.
- Player vs. House: Engage in games that allow more interaction and decision-making, such as poker, where player skill can turn the tide.
- Avoid Side Bets: These often come with inflated house edges that can chip away at your bankroll before you know it. Stick to the main bets for better odds.
Managing Your Bankroll
Bankroll management is just as important, if not more so, than understanding the game mechanics.
- Set a Clear Budget
Before you even start wagering, decide on a strict budget. How much are you willing to lose? Sticking to this amount helps avoid those tempting urges to chase losses. - Divide Your Bankroll
Once your overall budget is set, consider dividing it into smaller units for different sessions. This way, you can prevent yourself from betting it all in one go. For example, if your bankroll is $200, you might decide to allocate $50 per session until your bank account allows for a refresh. - Bet Size Considerations
Your bet size should align with your bankroll. A common guideline is not to wager more than 1-2% of your total bankroll on a single bet. This practice extends the life of your funds and helps you keep playing without hitting zero too quickly. - Monitor Your Progress
Track your wins and losses, which provides valuable insights into your gaming behavior and allows you to adjust your strategies as needed. Be mindful that losing streaks do occur; recognizing the patterns can help you stay disciplined.
In summary, the blend of understanding house edges along with sound bankroll management strategies equips gamblers with the tools needed to navigate the often unpredictable waters of mobile casinos. It's not only about how much you win but honing your skills as a strategic player who knows when to hold'em and when to fold'em.
Responsible Gambling Practices
Engaging in online gambling can be a thrilling experience, filled with moments of excitement and potential rewards. However, it is paramount to approach it with a sense of responsibility. Responsible gambling practices not only safeguard your funds and time but also protect your mental well-being. In today's fast-paced digital world, where human interactions often take place behind screens, it is easy to lose track of the real-life implications of our actions. This makes understanding responsible gambling an essential focus for both novice and seasoned players.
The benefits of adopting responsible gambling practices are manifold. They instill a sense of discipline that allows players to enjoy their favorite games without falling into the trap of compulsive gambling. By creating a framework for your gambling habits, you can ensure that your experience remains fun and enjoyable, rather than one that leads to stress and financial strain.
Setting Budgets and Limits
One of the cornerstone practices of responsible gambling is setting personal budgets and limits. This entails determining how much money you are willing to risk on gambling activities before you ever place a bet. The strategy here is simple yet effective: by establishing a budget, you not only create a safety net for your finances but also enable yourself to enjoy the thrill of the game without the anxiety of potential losses.
- Determine your financial capacity: Assess your income and expenses to decide an amount that you can afford to gamble without it affecting your daily life.
- Set daily, weekly, or monthly limits: Depending on your gambling frequency, choose specific time frames for your budget. This can help in tracking your spending more effectively.
- Stick to your limits: Once youâve established these parameters, itâs essential to adhere to them. The gambling world can be temptingly immersive, and it is easy to go off the rails.
Establishing limits isnât just about financial stakes; it can also pertain to time spent online. Consider using built-in features offered by many online casinos that allow you to set time limits on your sessions. This small step can prevent wasteful hours from slipping by unnoticed.
Recognizing Problem Gambling Signs
Unfortunately, the thrill of gambling can sometimes lead to problematic behaviors. Recognizing the signs of problem gambling early can be the difference between maintaining control and unearthing significant consequences.
Itâs crucial to look out for:
- Increased time spent gambling: If you notice yourself frequently extending your gambling sessions or neglecting other responsibilities, it might be time for a rethink.
- Chasing losses: This behavior often manifests when a person continues to wager more money in hopes of recovering lost bets, leading to further financial strain.
- Impact on personal relationships: If friends or family indicate that your gambling is affecting your interactions with them, this could be a major red flag.
- Neglecting personal obligations: Skipping work or family commitments to gamble is a serious warning sign that should not be ignored.
Itâs important to note that help is available for those who feel they might be at risk. Gentle reminders from loved ones and self-assessment can create a pivotal moment for change, steering you back on the right path.
"Awareness is the first step toward change. Recognizing behaviors rather than dismissing them allows for a more holistic view of our choices."
By implementing and internalizing responsible gambling practicesâsuch as setting budgets and recognizing red flagsâyou are positioning yourself for a healthier gambling journey. Keeping the fun alive while being mindful of your actions is the key to enjoying the mobile gaming experience.
Future Trends in Mobile Gambling
As the landscape of mobile gambling continues to evolve, recognizing upcoming trends is crucial for players and industry stakeholders alike. These trends not only highlight technological advancements but also reflect shifting player preferences that can dictate the future trajectory of the online gaming sector. Understanding these trends can help gamblers make informed decisions about where to place their bets and how to enhance their overall gaming experience.
Technological Advancements
With every passing year, technological innovations are shaping the future of mobile gambling. For starters, the integration of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) is poised to revolutionize the gaming experience, pushing the boundaries of what players can expect from their interactions. Imagine stepping into a digital casino while sitting in your living room, surrounded by other players from around the globe. This immersive experience may not be as far-fetched as it seems, as developers are already experimenting with VR interfaces to elevate engagement to new heights.
Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are also making waves. AI algorithms can analyze players' habits and preferences, enabling personalized experiences that cater to individual tastes. Itâs been noted that casinos employing AI tools often report increased gameplay duration and player retention, as custom recommendations can keep players engaged and coming back for more.
In addition to these advancements, mobile payment solutions are becoming more streamlined and secure. E-wallets like PayPal, Skrill, and newer cryptocurrency options are making transactions faster and smoother for users. With security technologies like blockchain further enhancing data protection, players can enjoy peace of mind while making deposits and withdrawals effectively. All these elements contribute to a constantly improving user experience, making mobile gambling platforms more attractive to both seasoned gamblers and newcomers alike.
Changing Player Preferences
The way players approach mobile gambling is undergoing a significant transformation. One major factor driving this change is the increasing accessibility of mobile devices. More than ever, smartphones and tablets enable individuals to gamble anytime, anywhereâwhether theyâre commuting, waiting in line, or lounging at home. As a result, players are gravitating towards convenience and flexibility, preferring apps that allow easy access to a wide range of games with just a few taps.
Along with convenience, social interaction among players is rising in importance. Many users now value platforms that offer methods for social engagement, such as in-game chat features, multiplayer modes, and sharing accomplishments on social media. This evolution in player behavior indicates a desire to connect and compete, turning gambling into a communal activity.
Despite the fun, players are also more aware of their gaming habits and the potential for addiction. Increased emphasis on responsible gambling practices has led many to prioritize platforms that support healthy gaming behaviors. This can include features like self-imposed betting limits, time tracking, and access to support resources for problem gambling. Companies that embrace these elements could see improved customer loyalty as they align with playersâ evolving values.
By understanding these notable shifts in technology and player preferences, the future of mobile gambling appears promising and dynamic.
As mobile gambling continues to adapt to these trends, players will find themselves amidst a richer, more engaging, and safer gaming environment that reflects their needs and desires.
